{"id":16096,"date":"2023-08-20T10:22:49","date_gmt":"2023-08-20T03:22:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/?p=16096"},"modified":"2023-08-20T10:22:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-20T03:22:49","slug":"dong-chi-ton-duc-thang-hien-than-cua-tinh-than-dai-doan-ket-toan-dan-toc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/2023\/08\/20\/dong-chi-ton-duc-thang-hien-than-cua-tinh-than-dai-doan-ket-toan-dan-toc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed2NG CH\u00cd T\u00d4N \u0110\u1ee8C TH\u1eaeNG \u2013 HI\u1ec6N TH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A TINH TH\u1ea6N \u0110\u1ea0I \u0110O\u00c0N K\u1ebeT TO\u00c0N D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 15\/7\/1960, c\u1ee5 T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat thi\u00eang li\u00eang, x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t tay B\u00e1c T\u00f4n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00fac m\u1eebng: \u201cTo\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed b\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d[1]<\/a>. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 – B\u00e1c T\u00f4n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

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92 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi, h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tham gia c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i (1955), Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (1960), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (1969), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1976),\u2026 Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng t\u1eebng gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Ph\u00f3 H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t (1946), Quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee6y ban to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t (1951), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1955), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch danh d\u1ef1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1977). \u1ede c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ch\u0103m lo, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vun \u0111\u1eafp cho kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng sinh ng\u00e0y 20\/8\/1888 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i C\u00f9 lao \u00d4ng H\u1ed5, x\u00e3 M\u1ef9 H\u00f2a H\u01b0ng, t\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e0nh, t\u1ec9nh Long Xuy\u00ean (nay thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Long Xuy\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh An Giang). Tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp b\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n nh\u01b0: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nguy\u1ec5n Trung Tr\u1ef1c, Th\u1ee7 Khoa Hu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ed1c Binh Ki\u1ec1u, Thi\u00ean H\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng,… t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y N\u0103m Kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 19 tu\u1ed5i, sau khi h\u1ecdc xong b\u1eadc ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, anh l\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3, khi giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c garage, \u0111\u1ec1p\u00f4 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i X\u01b0\u1edfng Krupp thu\u1ed9c S\u1edf Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. L\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n th\u00f4i th\u00fac, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1 ngh\u1ec7 (t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3\/1915 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 9\/1916), T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng lu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi anh em c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi anh em th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3, GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u vi\u1ebft: \u201cL\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t anh h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecf con v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra ngay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. Th\u1eafng hay b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u00f2a nh\u00e3 vui v\u1ebb, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi… L\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1 ngh\u1ec7, anh Th\u1eafng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf th\u00f3 c\u00fap t\u00f3c \u201ccua\u201d (ng\u1eafn), n\u01b0\u1edbc da ng\u0103m ng\u0103m, bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c anh em c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1ecf nghe l\u1edbn, l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi nghe l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghe Th\u1eafng\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng thanh ni\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3: T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u0169i, ch\u1ecbu s\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m l\u1eafm. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ba nhi\u1ec1u khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb. Ch\u1eb3ng nghe \u0110inh B\u1ed9 L\u0129nh t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1m ch\u0103n tr\u00e2u, b\u1ebb b\u00f4ng lau l\u00e0m c\u1edd, t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 sao?\u201d[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 l\u0103n l\u1ed9n, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gian kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1920, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi\u00a0C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i b\u00ed m\u1eadt<\/em>. C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf C\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, X\u01b0\u1edfng Ba Son, X\u01b0\u1edfng FACI, Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e8n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e8n Ch\u1ee3 Qu\u00e1n, sau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1927, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i Thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 28\/7\/1929, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o cho \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. 17 n\u0103m b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch giam c\u1ea7m, trong \u0111\u00f3 16 n\u0103m \u1edf \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n gian\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1, ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecf,\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o chi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o,\u00a0<\/em>\u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1edd\u00a0\u00dd ki\u1ebfn chung\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1edd\u00a0Ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Chi b\u1ed9. Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn mau l\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed trong \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1ee7y C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Ng\u00e0y 23\/9\/1945, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng c\u00f9ng 1.800 t\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m m\u01b0u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 15\/10\/1945,\u00a0t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0110o\u00e0n x\u1ee9 Nam K\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 M\u1ef9 Tho,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o X\u1ee9 \u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X\u1ee9 \u1ee7y ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u1ee7y ban Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Nam B\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Nam B\u1ed9. Th\u00e1ng 12\/1945,\u00a0X\u1ee9 \u1ee7y h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a\u00a0t\u1ec9nh\u00a0Long An quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u00a0\u1ee6y\u00a0ban Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c Khu\u00a07,\u00a08,\u00a09 \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed ng\u00e0y 06\/01\/1946, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a I.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vun \u0111\u1eafp kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng c\u00f3 35 n\u0103m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 02\/1946, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, thu h\u00fat t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia Ban s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y 29\/5\/1946, t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e0 h\u00e1t L\u1edbn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u00a0H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0(g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i\u00a0Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t).T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u00a0–\u00a0<\/em>th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u00a0–\u00a0<\/em>d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u00a0–\u00a0<\/em>ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed suy t\u00f4n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng danh d\u1ef1; c\u1eed c\u1ee5 Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0m H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng; \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc thu – \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1947, do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ra ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1948, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Minh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh v\u00e0 Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng Ban v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh\u00a0–\u00a0Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ed9, ban, ng\u00e0nh,… chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 07\/3\/1951, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh\u00a0–\u00a0Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng tham gia \u0110o\u00e0n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Quy\u1ec1n H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh\u00a0–\u00a0Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0\u00a0M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>,\u00a0g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0\u00a0M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t<\/em>; th\u00f4ng qua Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn; nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0–\u00a0L\u00e0o\u00a0–\u00a0Campuchia; t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i suy t\u00f4n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch danh d\u1ef1, c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh\u00a0–\u00a0Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tham gia d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Li\u00ean minh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0–\u00a0L\u00e0o\u00a0–\u00a0Campuchia, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1\u00a0kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft li\u00ean minh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn 1955, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi\u00a0\u1ee6y ban Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft tay ngay v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi,\u00a0c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, bu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Sau Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh hai mi\u1ec1n, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0m h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Mi\u1ec1n Nam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 b\u00e8 l\u0169 tay sai, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 8 \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 13 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20\/8\/1955 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh chung th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u00e8 l\u0169 tay sai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a\u00a0b\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 8, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t cho \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 5 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10\/9\/1955, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00f4ng qua C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy t\u00f4n l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch danh d\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee6y ban Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955 – 1977, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u00e0nh M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e1ng 02\/1977 \u0111\u00e3 suy t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch danh d\u1ef1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1edfi \u201cS\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch! S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng!\u201d, \u201cTr\u00ean 30 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0 d\u00e3y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi phong ba b\u00e3o t\u00e1p\u201d[4]<\/a>. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u201cv\u0169 kh\u00ed s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh\u201d, \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cCh\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Li\u00ean – Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chung \u0111\u00fac, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t th\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng tha thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng chung nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, c\u00f9ng chung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, nghi ng\u1edd do \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ra, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n \u00e1i, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn l\u1eabn nhau s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi B\u00e1c T\u00f4n, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00e0i h\u00f2a l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. B\u00e1c n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean minh giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean minh giai c\u1ea5p su\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 li\u00ean minh giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean minh giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n lao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn\u201d[6]<\/a>. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, \u201cSong ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 l\u00fd, c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7ng ch\u0129a m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn v\u00e0o b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Theo B\u00e1c T\u00f4n, \u201cCh\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nhau h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng xem c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee6y ban M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\u201d[8]<\/a>. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, theo B\u00e1c \u201c\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ta ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc giao cho. L\u00e0m tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 khi nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u201d\u00a0[9]<\/a>\u00a0do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m xem nh\u1eb9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, xem nh\u1eb9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, theo B\u00e1c T\u00f4n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: (1) B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u201cQuy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb cho ai v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft chung quanh \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft chung quanh \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d; (2) \u201cC\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c tranh th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u201d; (3) \u201cC\u00f4ng t\u00e1c M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00f4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft\u201d\u00a0[10]<\/a>. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn do nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, song \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t\u201d[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, th\u0103m h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n s\u0129 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ki\u1ec1u b\u00e0o\u2026 \u0110\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, l\u1eafng nghe, chia s\u1ebb, th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb, t\u1eeb d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb cho \u0111\u1ebfn phong c\u00e1ch. D\u00f9 khi \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, gi\u1eefa B\u00e1c T\u00f4n v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. Khi l\u00e0m th\u1ee3 hay trong c\u1ea3nh t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, B\u00e1c T\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, s\u1ebb chia v\u1edbi anh em th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1c quan t\u00e2m, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a. B\u00e1c T\u00f4n hi\u1ec1n h\u1eadu nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p \u201cgi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0d\u1eabu\u00a0th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0tha\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam B\u1ed9. Khi h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1 ngh\u1ec7 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, B\u00e1c T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb b\u1ecdn du c\u00f4n hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p anh em sinh vi\u00ean. \u1ede m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o B\u00e1c T\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c. B\u1ecdn cai nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u00e1c l\u00e0m c\u1eb7p r\u1eb1ng \u1edf H\u1ea7m xay l\u00faa \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n tay b\u1ecdn t\u00f9 anh ch\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng B\u00e1c T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh t\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p t\u00f9 l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thay b\u1ea1n t\u00f9, l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i c\u1ee9u t\u1ebf t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n t\u00f9 khi \u0111au \u1ed1m. B\u00e1c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c \u1edf H\u1ea7m xay l\u00faa, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c T\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0103n, m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t. Khi B\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 v\u1eabn m\u1eb7c \u00e1o n\u00e2u, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed L\u00ea V\u0103n L\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec3: \u201cC\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c T\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n: Gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c cao, B\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 trong sinh ho\u1ea1t. V\u1edbi anh em trong c\u01a1 quan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, B\u00e1c s\u1ed1ng chan h\u00f2a, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i th\u00e2n m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 tr\u01b0a, B\u00e1c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u00fap anh em trong c\u01a1 quan ch\u1eefa chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfc b\u00e0n, gh\u1ebf h\u1ecfng. B\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec1 ch\u1eefa xe v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh B\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u1ec3 B\u00e1c tu\u1ed5i cao, v\u1ec1 sau khi xe h\u1ecfng anh em th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea5u B\u00e1c, \u0111em \u0111i ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 B\u00e1c kh\u1ecfi b\u1eadn t\u00e2m\u201d[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1c T\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Sau 15 n\u0103m t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y \u1edf C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o, khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, B\u00e1c T\u00f4n \u0111i th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp qua nh\u00e0 th\u0103m v\u1ee3, con m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c c\u00e2y s\u1ed1. GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u1ee5 T\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi gi\u00e0nh cho gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. \u201cC\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u C\u1ee5 n\u00f3i th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5. C\u1ee5 T\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u201ct\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m\u201d b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hay h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft!\u201d[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 9\/1916, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1eaft \u0111i l\u00ednh th\u1ee3 sang Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00ednh th\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng Madeille r\u1ed3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3ng Toulon. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m France. N\u0103m 1917, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4vi\u1ebft do \u0110\u1ea3ng B\u00f4ns\u00eav\u00edch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1eddi. Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh, Ph\u00e1p, M\u1ef9 li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi nhau, h\u00f2ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4vi\u1ebft non tr\u1ebb. Ng\u00e0y 27\/10\/1918, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c bao v\u00e2y, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c Nga tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Odessa v\u00e0 Sevastopol thu\u1ed9c Ukraina. Ng\u00e0y 20\/4\/1919, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u00e9o c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf tr\u00ean Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m France \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110en \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi Nga v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nga. T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 anh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1925, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e0u Michelet, Ferry, Maine \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u00e0u Michelet b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o X\u01b0\u1edfng Ba Son \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c anh em c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Ba Son b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 5\/8\/1925 \u0111\u1ebfn khi phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i th\u00ec Chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m Michelet m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28\/11\/1925.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch danh d\u1ef1 \u1ee6y ban b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1ee6y vi\u00ean H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t – X\u00f4 h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0y 09\/12\/1955,\u00a0\u1ee6y ban Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Stalin (gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y sau mang t\u00ean L\u00eanin) c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Stalin<\/em>\u201cV\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. N\u0103m 1967, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9\u00a050\u00a0C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi,\u00a0\u0110o\u00e0n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch X\u00f4vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1i cao Li\u00ean bang C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 trao t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng\u00a0Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00eanin<\/em>\u00a0ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng\u00a0<\/em>\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4vi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t – X\u00f4.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ee9c h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n qu\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Di s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 b\u00e1c T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Theo \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201cDi s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p Nam B\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ea5t ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tinh t\u00fay c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau d\u00e2n, ni\u1ec1m \u01b0u \u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed; ni\u1ec1m tin s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gian kh\u1ed5, tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0 qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, trong s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tinh khi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec l\u00e0m phai nh\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb thu\u1edf thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua mu\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ng\u1eddi l\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd\u201d[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\u00a0Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee6y Ban Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng MTTQ Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ed7 V\u0103n Chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch U\u1ef7 ban Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng MTTQ Vi\u1ec7t Nam Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u0169ng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Bia di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e1ng 4.2021<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

CH\u00da D\u1eaaN<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>\u00a0Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 An Giang:\u00a0B\u00e1c T\u00f4n (1888-1980) cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p,\u00a0<\/em>Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1988,\u00a0<\/em>tr. 180.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a>\u00a0S\u1edf V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng tin An Giang:\u00a0Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng (1888-1980),\u00a0<\/em>1988,tr.81, 82.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2002, t.16, tr.571-572.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cChung s\u1ee9c, chung l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.724.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cDi\u1ec5n v\u0103n trong L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Minh – Li\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.633.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cDi\u1ec5n v\u0103n b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.602.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cDi\u1ec5n v\u0103n b\u1ebf m\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.602.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cTr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.671-672.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.716.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.716.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a>\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng: \u201cBa m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.702<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a>\u00a0L\u00ea V\u0103n L\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cK\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 B\u00e1c T\u00f4n\u201d, in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.228.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a>\u00a0GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: \u201cC\u1ee5 T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta \u201cT\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d\u201d, in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.306.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/a>\u00a0GS. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: \u201cC\u1ee5 T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta \u201cT\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d\u201d, in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.301.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a>\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: \u201cB\u00e1c T\u00f4n – Nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u201d, in trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – M\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng – V\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i,<\/em>\u00a0Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr.211.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

TS Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu D\u0169ng – Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch UBTW MTTQ Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 15\/7\/1960, c\u1ee5 T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat thi\u00eang li\u00eang, x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":16098,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[103,108,110],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16096","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-hoat-dong-mttq-thanh-pho","8":"category-tin-noi-bat-4","9":"category-tuyen-truyen-van-dong"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16096"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16096\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}