Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, phong c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, quy ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c…, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng. T\u1eeb H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a VI (th\u00e1ng 3-1989) \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng” v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u1edf t\u1ea7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u2026<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, quy ch\u1ebf, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy tr\u00ecnh, l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c… m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay\u00a0g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t l\u00e0<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn;<\/p>\n Hai l\u00e0<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb;<\/p>\n Ba l\u00e0<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9;<\/p>\n B\u1ed1n l\u00e0<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng\u00a0c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra,\u00a0gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t\u00a0t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean;<\/p>\n N\u0103m l\u00e0<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111i v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.\u00a0Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u00a0v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng.\u00a0T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VII (1991), \u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:\u00a0\u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d(1)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n N\u00caU G\u01af\u01a0NG THEO T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG, \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C, PHONG C\u00c1CH H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH<\/strong><\/p>\n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a XIII v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u1ea5t, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng hy sinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u00e0y nay khi \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau cao vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00ean phong trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 ti\u00ean phong,\u00a0g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, tr\u1ecdng d\u00e2n, g\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n, b\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n Mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u00ec nh\u01b0\u00a0d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, “Ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec l\u1ea5m b\u00ea b\u00ea\/ L\u1ea1i c\u1ea7m b\u00f3 \u0111u\u1ed1c m\u00e0 r\u00ea ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi” th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch\u00a0H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i: \u201cKh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n.\u00a0C\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 d\u00e2n, m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y h\u1ecdc d\u00e2n<\/em>\u201d(2)<\/sup>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 quan. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea3i \u201cch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u201clo tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, vui sau thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian qua cho th\u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n, c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh “n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u00edt, n\u00f3i hay l\u00e0m d\u1edf” v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u00e0m t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ho\u00e0i nghi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a XIII \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra.<\/p>\n N\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u01b0ng sau khi ra \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00e1ch quan h\u00f3a, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi ph\u1ed1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1eabn nhau trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng”, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c” \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1eabn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng… Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed9i (t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c) l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh – ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c – l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng: s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o hay th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, hy sinh hay h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, v\u1ecb tha hay v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n hay sa v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u00e1c…<\/p>\n Trong t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh – gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mong mu\u1ed1n. T\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chung v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 thang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec7ng th\u00ec n\u00f3i: Ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d(3)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo. N\u00f3i th\u00ec c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea5y y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i cho tin – n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed – l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho d\u00e2n tin\u201d(4)<\/sup>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng: Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201cn\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m\u201d.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cn\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f2n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau, b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau.<\/p>\n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cKhi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u00ec nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec t\u1ea1o cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u1ed1n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d(5)<\/sup>. B\u00e1c c\u0103n d\u1eb7n cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ta c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean tr\u00e1n ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. Qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d(6)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00e1c l\u01b0u \u00fd: \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tham \u00f4 b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta li\u00eam khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng, trong s\u1ea1ch th\u00ec m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta trong s\u1ea1ch, si\u00eang n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d(7)<\/sup>.\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u00f3i mi\u1ec7ng, ai c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1eafng l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng trong anh em, v\u00e0 khi \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, g\u1eafng l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho d\u00e2n. L\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ba m\u1eb7t: Tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. Kh\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta ph\u1ea3i: Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, tr\u00ed t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m. Ta nh\u1edb ba ch\u1eef \u1ea5y, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00eau ba ch\u1eef \u1ea5y l\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d(8)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn su\u00f4ng, b\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: “L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n). Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eafn. C\u00f3 t\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eafn, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eafn lung tung, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em\u00a0l\u00f2e<\/em>\u00a0thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00ec l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 \u00edch\u201d(9)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t, tri\u1ec3n khai K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n N\u00caU G\u01af\u01a0NG \u2013 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TH\u1ee8C \u0110\u1eb6C BI\u1ec6T C\u1ea6N PH\u1ea2I TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c phong l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a XIII \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch n\u1ed9i dung n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, quan li\u00eau, xa hoa, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong khu ph\u1ed1, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m”.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u201cN\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m\u201d theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a XIII \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i:\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u00e0,<\/em>\u00a0\u201cN\u00f3i\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam b\u1edbt, n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt;\u00a0Hai l\u00e0,<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cn\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo\u201d;\u00a0Ba l\u00e0,<\/em>\u00a0tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i, tr\u00e1nh h\u1ee9a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. (L\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc). V\u1eady, n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cn\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. V\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chung, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u201cmi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i, tay l\u00e0m, tai l\u1eafng nghe\u201d.<\/p>\n Trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: N\u1ebfu c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, th\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u201ctr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh xu\u00f4i, k\u00e8n th\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d. Trong qu\u00e2n ng\u0169, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u201cqu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n\u201d. Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i. Trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh. Trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Trong b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Trong c\u01a1 quan, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, \u201cN\u00f3i \u00edt, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, \u201ct\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i, tay l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean suy tho\u00e1i, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng\u2026l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea7n phai nh\u1ea1t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7\u2026<\/p>\n Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t \u0111i ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 \u201ch\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n nh\u00e2n, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. K\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, n\u1ed9i quy, quy ch\u1ebf b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o cho m\u1ecdi quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 mai m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan, s\u1ef1 \u00f4 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a lai c\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1ec7nh kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1ec7nh k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, b\u1ec7nh coi khinh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e1m ngh\u0129, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, d\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, d\u1eb9p c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u\u201d nh\u1eb1m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a XIII v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cn\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0t\u1eadp trung l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, vai tr\u00f2, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m. C\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p, t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh, t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n Hai l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n Ba l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0n<\/span>\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ho\u1ea1t chi b\u1ed9. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1ec3 nang, n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, ng\u1ea1i va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh; c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n suy tho\u00e1i, “t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn”, “t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a”.<\/p>\n B\u1ed1n l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc b\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n N\u0103m l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Quy ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u00eam nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 “d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7”, “nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n”, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ebft, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u sai tr\u00e1i. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n trao \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n S\u00e1u l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng n\u1eafm t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay; ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n B\u1ea3y l\u00e0<\/em>,\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cN\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sai l\u1ec7ch trong c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, s\u01a1 k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n suy tho\u00e1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n “t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn”, “t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a” nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.\/.<\/p>\n PGS. TS. L\u00ea V\u0103n C\u01b0\u1eddng (1) \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 2007, t.51, tr. 253-254.<\/p>\n (2) (6) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H, 2011, t.6, tr. 432, 16.<\/p>\n (3) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t.7, tr. 361.<\/p>\n (4) (9) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t.5, tr. 260, 275.<\/p>\n (5) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t.11, tr. 95.<\/p>\n (7) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t.8, tr. 98.<\/p>\n (8) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t.4, tr. 171.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 kh\u00f3a XIII v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":15027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108,111],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15026","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tin-noi-bat-4","8":"category-xay-dung-dang-xay-dung-chinh-quyen"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15026","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15026"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15026\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15026"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15026"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15026"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/hn-tq-xdd-2_amzk.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh
\n<\/em><\/p>\n