Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao vai tr\u00f2, t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1cx\u00edt-l\u00eanin\u00edt. Trong \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t khi \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c \u00e2m m\u01b0u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n
C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (n\u0103m 1991) th\u00f4ng\u00a0 qua \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d(1)<\/sup>. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ea3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 hai c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian qua \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i lai, xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u1edf n\u01a1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u201cdu nh\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d(2)<\/sup>; do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin\u201d(?). \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft, h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng lao, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin; \u00e2m m\u01b0u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin; ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c gay g\u1eaft, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00e2m m\u01b0u ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c nh\u1eb1m \u201ch\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, l\u00e0m nghi ng\u1edd, g\u00e2y hoang mang, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f4ng khai, tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n, c\u00f3 l\u00fac tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u r\u1ea5t tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u toan \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo ki\u1ec3u \u201cb\u1ed5n c\u0169 so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i\u201d. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 m\u01b0u toan c\u1eaft x\u00e9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin.<\/em><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin cho r\u1eb1ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ec9 mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u1ea5m no th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n, ham mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1m \u0103n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh\u201d(3)<\/sup>. B\u1edfi trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u201cn\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ef1 do, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd g\u00ec\u201d(4)<\/sup>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cCh\u00fang ta tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u1ebft r\u00e9t, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec. D\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp khi m\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n no, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee7\u201d(5)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u t\u1eeb hai cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i\u201d, ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0u t\u00ednh l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. V\u00ec v\u1eady, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u00f4n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin ch\u1ec9 ra: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111a s\u1ed1 hay d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay kh\u00f4ng theo t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nam hay n\u1eef, …. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n theo \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, trong khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin ch\u1ec9 coi tr\u1ecdng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, coi tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin (?).<\/p>\n \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 giai c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp sau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin – ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng quy lu\u1eadt chung v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u, mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 coi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 xong xu\u00f4i h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta tin r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d(6)<\/sup>. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 hai, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao vai tr\u00f2, t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin<\/em><\/p>\n Khi ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u0103n tr\u1edf t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i bang, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng soi s\u00e1ng cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m phong ph\u00fa trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t trong c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u<\/em>,\u00a0ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y<\/em>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n, t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 nam (la b\u00e0n)(7)<\/sup>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00e0 t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 la b\u00e0n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, bao la.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5: \u201cb\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, hay h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n danh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tha h\u00f3a, bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng li\u00ean, nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ….? \u0110i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u \u201cng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t\u201d \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t,\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u00a0nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0kh\u00e1c, d\u00f9 c\u0169ng gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ch\u00ed s\u0129 Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, … nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00eanin\u201d(8)<\/sup>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t phong ph\u00fa c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng bi\u1ebft bao kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t\u201d(9)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Sau n\u00e0y, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin: \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\u201d(10)<\/sup>; \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d(11)<\/sup>; \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t\u201d(12)<\/sup>; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u201ckh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i “c\u1ea9m nang” th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kim ch\u1ec9 nam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi soi s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d(13)<\/sup>…<\/p>\n Trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vai tr\u00f2, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. V\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin\u201d(14)<\/sup>. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cC\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00fd lu\u1eadn M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin m\u1edbi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea3ng giao ph\u00f3 cho m\u00ecnh\u201d(15)<\/sup>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf: \u201chi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc hay n\u1ea5u \u0103n, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\u201d(16)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim nh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n l\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: \u201cHi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c bao nhi\u00eau s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d(17)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u00e1nh c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n x\u1eed tr\u00ed m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. H\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n\u201d(18)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Th\u1ee9 ba, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1cx\u00edt-l\u00eaninn\u00edt<\/em><\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng 7-1920, khi \u0111\u1ecdc\u00a0Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau n\u00e0y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3: \u201cLu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebft bao! T\u00f4i vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t kh\u00f3c l\u00ean. Ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong bu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i to l\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111ang n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o: “H\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y \u0111au kh\u1ed5! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang ta!”. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin theo L\u00eanin, tin theo Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 ba\u201d(19)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u1ea5m no th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c cho th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tin theo. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cV\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n, H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d(20)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o, th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n phong ph\u00fa, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 k\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ecb Anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 \u201cg\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. …. nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d(21)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng 7-1946, ngay t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Pari (Ph\u00e1p), tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111ang th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a C\u00e1c M\u00e1c\u201d(22)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, trong b\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p S\u00e1cl\u01a1 Phu\u1ed1cni\u00f4 (ng\u00e0y 15-7-1969), H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cL\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tin theo L\u00eanin. R\u1ed3i, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d(23)<\/sup>. N\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ea3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng – m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 100 Ng\u00e0y sinh L\u00eanin – ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin\u201d(24)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u theo l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qua 35 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 30 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (n\u0103m 2021) \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t\u00a0c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta l\u00e0\u00a0\u201cph\u1ea3i\u00a0ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d(25)<\/sup>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0mang t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta,\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea3 nghi\u00eang, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n PGS.TS L\u00fd Vi\u1ec7t Quang (1) \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/em>, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H, 1991, tr.21.<\/p>\n (2) GS.TS. V\u0169 V\u0103n Hi\u1ec1n (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean):\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H, 2020, t.1, tr.18.<\/p>\n (3) (4) (5) (20) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H, 2011, t. 4, tr.187, 64, 175, 315.<\/p>\n (6) V.I.L\u00eanin:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H, 2005, t. 4, tr.232.<\/p>\n (7) (8) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t. 2, tr.289, 289.<\/p>\n (9) Ho Chi Minh – Notrue camrade, Introduction historique de Charles Fourniau, editon sociales, Paris, 1970, d\u1eabn theo Phan Ng\u1ecdc Li\u00ean: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H, 2008, tr. 178.<\/p>\n (10)\u00a0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t\u1eadp 6, tr. 359.<\/p>\n (11) (12)\u00a0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t. 7, tr.1 20, 414.<\/p>\n (13)\u00a0 (19) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t. 12, tr. 563, 562.<\/p>\n (14)\u00a0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t. 13, tr. 76.<\/p>\n (15) (18) H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t. 11, tr. 611, 611.<\/p>\n (16) (17) (21) (24)\u00a0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh:\u00a0To\u00e0n t\u1eadp<\/em>, S\u0111d, t. 15, tr. 668, 668, 588, 590.<\/p>\n (22)\u00a0\u0110i\u1ebfu v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>\u00a0do \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n – B\u00ed th\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ng\u00e0y 9-9-1969.<\/p>\n (23)\u00a0Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 24C\/18.6.5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UNESCO) v\u1ec1\u00a0K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y sinh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/em>\u00a0(1987), d\u1eabn theo GS,TS M\u1ea1ch Quang Th\u1eafng – PGS,TS B\u00f9i \u0110\u00ecnh Phong – TS Chu \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00ednh (\u0110\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean) (2013):\u00a0UNESCO v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00f4n vinh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh – Anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t<\/em>, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr.71-72.<\/p>\n (25) \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XIII<\/em>, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H, 2021, t.I, tr.33.<\/p>\n Theo tuyengiao.vn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao vai tr\u00f2, t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1cx\u00edt-l\u00eanin\u00edt. Trong \u00e2m m\u01b0u, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":14525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108,111],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14524","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tin-noi-bat-4","8":"category-xay-dung-dang-xay-dung-chinh-quyen"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14524"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14524\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng
\nH\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh<\/em><\/p>\n