{"id":13928,"date":"2022-05-19T10:09:22","date_gmt":"2022-05-19T03:09:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/?p=13928"},"modified":"2022-05-19T10:09:22","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T03:09:22","slug":"hoc-tap-va-lam-theo-tu-tuong-doi-moi-sang-tao-cua-chu-tich-ho-chi-minh-trong-thoi-ky-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/2022\/05\/19\/hoc-tap-va-lam-theo-tu-tuong-doi-moi-sang-tao-cua-chu-tich-ho-chi-minh-trong-thoi-ky-moi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c phong c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Danh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n m\u00e3i v\u1edbi non s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta v\u00e0 trong tr\u00e1i tim nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 mai sau, di s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh &#8211; m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; Ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c phong c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm khi Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh -Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi. D\u00f9 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Chu Trinh, Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng Du, c\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2026 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc s\u1ef9 phu \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, Anh, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2026 r\u1ed3i \u201cv\u1ec1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 khi Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba (1920). Sau cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra quy lu\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean. H\u1ed9i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1eedi nh\u00f3m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t trong H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean sang \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean X\u00f4. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean ra t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u201cThanh ni\u00ean\u201d. B\u00e1o thanh ni\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam thanh ni\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u B\u00e1o Thanh ni\u00ean xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 21\/06\/1925, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n sau g\u1ea7n 90 s\u1ed1, B\u00e1o Thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c-L\u00eanin, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y 03\/02\/1930.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Thanh ni\u00ean &#8211; s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam do l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u201cT\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u00e1t h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 do h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1930 -1945, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c phong tr\u00e0o gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 8 Kh\u00f3a I ng\u00e0y 5\/8\/1941 do l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c sau 30 n\u0103m b\u00f4n ba kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi r\u00fat kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n phong, t\u1eadp trung cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed3ng minh g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh: \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, trai g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7ng c\u00f9ng nhau m\u01b0u cu\u1ed9c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 sinh t\u1ed3n. Vi\u1ec7t Minh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eadp tan xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch m\u01b0u m\u00f4 x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Vi\u1ec7t gian ph\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c &#8230; Coi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c cao h\u01a1n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y. Vi\u1ec7t Minh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng gi\u01a1 tay \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay qu\u1ed1c gia mi\u1ec5n th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i Nh\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u2019\u2019.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a B\u1eafc S\u01a1n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed5 du k\u00edch, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 8 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cL\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ea3ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p V\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. L\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1eadt qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1eafp t\u1edbi\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y theo \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 R\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1945 to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 5000 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f2n trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u1eabn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945-1954, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n: N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp do Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. B\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, l\u00fd l\u1ebd s\u1eafc b\u00e9n c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt. K\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111anh th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, quy\u1ebft \u0111em t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9\/1945 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12\/1946, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a \u201cgi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o t\u0103ng gia, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, H\u0169 g\u1ea1o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u201cgi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3i\u201d. Tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 T\u1ea1m \u01b0\u1edbc 14\/09\/1946 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft tinh trong \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, trong v\u1eeba Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1eeba Ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. Trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y B\u1eafc 1953-1954 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao t\u1ea1i Gi\u01a1-ne-v\u01a1\u2026V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam chi\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft tinh trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n chue \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong h\u01a1n 60 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh qua B\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 mai sau.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac, B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n d\u1eb7n ngay sau khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng do \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 g\u00e2y ra trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e3 man. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: &#8220;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n k\u00edp b\u1ee9c x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n&#8221; t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tranh sang ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh. &#8220;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 to l\u1edbn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n&#8221;. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: &#8220;Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng chu \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh. L\u1eddi d\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed trong \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi chi b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 &#8220;l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i chi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3ng giao ph\u00f3 cho m\u00ecnh to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n&#8221;. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: &#8220;L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c to l\u1edbn m\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i&#8221;. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 to\u00e0n t\u00e2m to\u00e0n \u00fd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ea3ng giao. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0: M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ef1 do \u1ea5m no h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Do \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u1ec7t s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ecb em t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n l\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ph\u1ea3i coi tr\u1ecdng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thanh ni\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 l\u1edbp k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: &#8220;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 k\u1ef9, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i&#8221;, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: &#8220;Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3&#8221;, v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: &#8220;V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia nh\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o&#8221;. V\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n, gi\u1eef m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u00e2n. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: &#8220;\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eeb khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111i t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xa v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t thanh th\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac thi\u00eang li\u00eang l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf H\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao tr\u00f9m, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t:<\/em>\u00a0Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i c\u0169 \u0111\u1ed5i ra c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed5i ra c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t. Do v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u201cl\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169 k\u1ef9, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 hai:<\/em>\u00a0M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec d\u00e2n, \u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ee3i nh\u00e0: \u201cVi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho d\u00e2n, ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u00e1nh\u201d.<a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 ba:<\/em>\u00a0T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n<p>+ \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecfi h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/p>\n<p>+ T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay c\u0169 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0:<\/em>\u00a0Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: T\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, an ninh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i\u2026<\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m:<\/em>\u00a0Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi theo quy lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u00ean l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ta d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169, quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u00e0m sai, ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda sai, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u0169 t\u1ed1t nay c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ta k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>+ C\u00e1i m\u1edbi khi m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t, ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 6:<\/em>\u00a0S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u00a0s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee9 7:<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng XHCN.<\/p>\n<div>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div id=\"ftn1\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eadp 2. Trang 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn2\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eadp 7. Trang 461.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn3\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eadp 7. Trang 206.<\/p>\n<p><sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u1eadp 7. Trang 207.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn4\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 2011. T\u1eadp 15. Trang 61.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ftn6\">\n<p><a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Lenovo\/Downloads\/H%E1%BB%8Dc%20t%E1%BA%ADp%20v%C3%A0%20l%C3%A0m%20theo%20t%C6%B0%20t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng%20%C4%91%E1%BB%95i%20m%E1%BB%9Bi%20s%C3%A1ng%20t%E1%BA%A1o%20c%E1%BB%A7a%20Ch%E1%BB%A7%20t%E1%BB%8Bch%20HCM.docx#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp. Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 2011. T\u1eadp 4. Trang 65.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tacgia\">PGS.TS \u0110\u00e0o Duy Qu\u00e1t, Nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Ban T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 V\u0103n h\u00f3a TW<\/div>\n<div>Theo dangcongsan.vn<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bao tr\u00f9m c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":13929,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-13928","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tin-noi-bat-4"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13928"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13928\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}