{"id":11503,"date":"2020-08-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/nhung-thanh-tuu-noi-bat-75-nam-nuoc-cong-hoa-xhcn-viet-nam\/"},"modified":"2020-08-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T17:00:00","slug":"nhung-thanh-tuu-noi-bat-75-nam-nuoc-cong-hoa-xhcn-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/2020\/08\/27\/nhung-thanh-tuu-noi-bat-75-nam-nuoc-cong-hoa-xhcn-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt 75 n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a XHCN Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt 75 n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2\/9\/1945 – 2\/9\/2020). Ban Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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Tranh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 75 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/div>\n
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Ph\u1ea7n 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG CH\u1eb6NG \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec V\u00c0 TH\u1eaeNG L\u1ee2I V\u0128 \u0110\u1ea0I C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC TA T\u1eea N\u0102M 1945 \u0110\u1ebeN NAY<\/strong><\/p>\n

I- C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng,\u00a0<\/strong>n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1858, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ng\u00e0y 03\/02\/1930, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ebf s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 09\/3\/1945, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh h\u1ea5t c\u1eb3ng Ph\u00e1p. Ngay trong \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cao tr\u00e0o. Th\u00e1ng 3\/1945, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u201cNh\u1eadt – Ph\u00e1p b\u1eafn nhau v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 4\/1945, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc K\u1ef3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 16\/4\/1945, T\u1ed5ng b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Minh ra Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u1ee6y ban D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1ee6y ban gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ee9c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4\/1945 tr\u1edf \u0111i, cao tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5\/1945, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 t\u1eeb Cao B\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 Tuy\u00ean Quang, ch\u1ecdn T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1ng 8\/1945, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i T\u00e2n Tr\u00e0o (Tuy\u00ean Quang) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u01a1 h\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi\u201d[1]<\/a>\u00a0v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb tay ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 tay sai tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 15 ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8\/1945, cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 tay nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 2\/9\/1945, t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay m\u1eb7t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n\u00a0Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em>, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi (nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u1eeba ch\u1ed1ng th\u00f9 trong, gi\u1eb7c ngo\u00e0i, v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 06\/01\/1946, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (n\u0103m 1946); ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m; ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, l\u00fac th\u00ec t\u1ea1m h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00fac th\u00ec ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i T\u01b0\u1edfng, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 k\u1ebb th\u00f9, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 12\/1946, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m: \u201cCh\u00fang ta th\u00e0 hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d[2]<\/a>. V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn; v\u1eeba ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, v\u1eeba kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 l\u1eebng l\u1eaby n\u0103m ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

II- Kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u1ea3i qua g\u1ea7n 21 n\u0103m, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gian kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7\/1954 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 1960:<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1, d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n tay sai Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi, \u00e2m m\u01b0u chia c\u1eaft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. M\u1ef9 – Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, d\u00ecm c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam trong bi\u1ec3n m\u00e1u. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c:M\u1ed9t l\u00e0,\u00a0<\/em>ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc;\u00a0Hai l\u00e0,<\/em>\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed9n b\u1ec1 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi; b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh di\u1ec5n ra v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u00e1c li\u1ec7t. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 13 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 21\/01\/1959, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 15 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f3a II \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp (m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, theo \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, t\u1ea1o ra phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi (1959 – 1960), th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1961 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965:<\/em>\u00a0T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p song song c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 ba m\u0169i gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng, tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai. Tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, an ninh, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eeba s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 1968:<\/em>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u201d, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 chuy\u1ec3n sang chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\u201d, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta; d\u00f9ng ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam trong v\u00f2ng 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 th\u00e1ng (t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft n\u0103m 1967), \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u khi ch\u00fang v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o. Qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, gi\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, chi vi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn cho mi\u1ec1n Nam. Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cChi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng thang chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Pari. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1973:<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 thi h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh sang Campuchia, L\u00e0o. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n hai n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, Campuchia \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d; li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay B.52 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m\u201d, bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Pari v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y 27\/01\/1973.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1973 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30\/4\/1975:<\/em>\u00a0Sau khi k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Pari, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e2m m\u01b0u d\u00f9ng ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam. Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1975 l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta, v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to\u00e0n th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac 21 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta s\u1ea1ch b\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, non s\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

III- C\u00d4NG CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1ed4I M\u1edaI, H\u1ed8I NH\u1eacP QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Trong 21 n\u0103m (1954 – 1975), \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n tay sai, x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7t s\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ec7nh binh, li\u1ec7t s\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong; tr\u1ebb em khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, b\u1ecb di ch\u1ee9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba tr\u1ea3i qua hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp h\u00e0n g\u1eafn th\u00ec l\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi (T\u00e2y Nam, ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u0103m 1979). C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n; c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, bao v\u00e2y, c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1eddi gian 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd h\u1eadn th\u00f9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1ea3y sinh sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec1m c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

2. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn. H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00fa s\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. \u1ede trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba ra kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb th\u1ebf bao v\u00e2y c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VI c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111em l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng sinh kh\u00ed m\u1edbi cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m xoay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 35 n\u0103m, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f2n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u00e1ch t\u1eafc, r\u1ed1i ren, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng khan hi\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nao n\u00fang, gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat ni\u1ec1m tin; sau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf cao, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, uy t\u00edn, quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, an ninh v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n 2<\/strong><\/p>\n

TH\u00c0NH T\u1ef0U N\u1ed4I B\u1eacT C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC SAU 75 N\u0102M X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N (1945 – 2020)<\/strong><\/p>\n

I- CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y 2\/9\/1945, t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n\u00a0Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em>, khai sinh n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u01a1n 80 n\u0103m \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1tx\u00edt. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 06\/01\/1946, cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed b\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 333 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 danh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, mi\u1ec1n Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 24 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp th\u00e1ng 9\/1975 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 25\/4\/1976, cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed b\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 23 tri\u1ec7u c\u1eed tri (98,8% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u1eed tri) \u0111i b\u1ea7u. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 02\/7\/1976). Qu\u1ed1c k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf sao v\u00e0ng, Qu\u1ed1c ca l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ca, Qu\u1ed1c huy l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi (th\u00e1ng 2\/1930), \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0: \u201cL\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d[3]<\/a>, \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d2<\/sup>. Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00e1ng 10\/1930 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cb\u1ecf qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u01b0 b\u1ed5n m\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d3<\/sup>. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn, m\u1edf ra th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam – Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i II c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (th\u00e1ng 2\/1951) th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VI c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (Th\u00e1ng 12\/1986) \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI, C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VII \u0111\u1ec1 ra (Th\u00e1ng 6\/1991) v\u00e0 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh (b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb t\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011), \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf; v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tinh th\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i sinh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n th\u1eddi c\u01a1, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u00e1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng trong C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, b\u1ed5 sung, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf; nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eafn v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi; ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea3ng ta lu\u00f4n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t 8 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn trong C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011: \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 \u201cgi\u1eefa kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d th\u00e0nh quan h\u1ec7 \u201cgi\u1eefa tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 5 kh\u00f3a XII ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cgi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u201cgi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u1edf t\u1ea7m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

3. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf<\/strong>,\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng: Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. B\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m qua, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1991 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u201cl\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u trung th\u00e0nh l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng: Ngay t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XIII: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, l\u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo h\u01b0\u1edbng tinh g\u1ecdn, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi: Vai tr\u00f2, th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy. \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

b) X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean t\u1ef1 do, t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch, ch\u00fa \u00fd ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c \u1ee6y ban c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c; \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, ban h\u00e0nh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1992 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, ban h\u00e0nh Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, \u1ee6y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ban h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 1986 – 2016 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n 8 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh ban h\u00e0nh trong 41 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc (483\/63); trong 4 n\u0103m 2016 – 2020, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh 65 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 99 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2013 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ban h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadt An ninh m\u1ea1ng, Lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Lu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u, bia \u2026<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2020, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111a ng\u00e0nh, \u0111a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, 61 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh, 485 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n; gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 4.100 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp, g\u1ea7n 15.200 c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00f3, tinh gi\u1ea3n 97.900 bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf[5]<\/a>. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf t\u1ea7m v\u0129 m\u00f4 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u, g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thanh tra, ki\u1ec3m tra, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o, ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3; trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, x\u1eed l\u00fd nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng khai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c tham nh\u0169ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

–\u00a0H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3\u00a0<\/strong>c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y T\u00f2a \u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh; l\u1eadp m\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch (nh\u01b0 t\u00f2a kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00f2a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00f2a h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh). T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec3m s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ed1i cao c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, kinh t\u1ebf, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tranh t\u1ee5ng, coi tr\u1ecdng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n cho t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tranh t\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 trong t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed oan, sai hay b\u1ecf l\u1ecdt t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, truy t\u1ed1, x\u00e9t x\u1eed, thi h\u00e0nh \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Quy ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf. \u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p th\u00edch nghi d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1edbi trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

c) \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi; ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n vai tr\u00f2 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean, h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, c\u00f9ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u0103m lo, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, tham gia qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

4. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c thi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u1eafng nghe, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. T\u00ednh c\u00f4ng khai, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tham gia g\u00f3p \u00fd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00e2n; gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5; ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thanh tra nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thanh tra nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Quy ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u2026 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

II- KINH T\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n,<\/strong>\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945 – 1954 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u00e0n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955 – 1975 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft, do v\u1eady n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a hai mi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955 – 1975 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1955-1957 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf, h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1958 – 1960 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf; th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1961 – 1975 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00f2n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1976 – 1985, T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1976 – 1980) v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba (1981 – 1985). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m (1991 – 1995) ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee9c, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a 10 n\u0103m 1990 – 2000 \u0111\u1ea1t 7,5%.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006 – 2010, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng nhanh, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1t 7%. Quy m\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (GDP) n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ea1t 101,6 t\u1ec9 USD (g\u1ea5p 3,26 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2000).<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2020, kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2015, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (GDP) \u0111\u1ea1t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 5,9%\/n\u0103m; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2016 – 2020 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t 6,8%\/n\u0103m[6]<\/a>. D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 12,4 t\u1ec9 USD n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean tr\u00ean 80 t\u1ec9 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 20202<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2020 di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1ecbch vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p do ch\u1ee7ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vi r\u00fat Corona (Covid-19) b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. GDP 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2020 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u0103ng 1,81%. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: N\u0103m 2013 – 2014 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 70\/148 qu\u1ed1c gia trong b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng. N\u0103m 2019, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GCI) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng 10 b\u1eadc so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2018, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 67\/141 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2019 t\u0103ng 8 b\u1eadc so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2015, x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 70\/190 qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2015 l\u00e0 4,3%\/n\u0103m, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2016 – 2020 l\u00e0 5,8%\/n\u0103m[7]<\/a>. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y t\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh<\/strong>; ph\u00e1t huy l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (1960) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cC\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u201d[8]<\/a>. Trong 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eeba t\u00ecm t\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i VIII (1996), c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Trong 35 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau 10 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh 2011, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u01a1i th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o trong gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khai th\u00e1c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. C\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i h\u00f3a, sinh h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tri\u1ec3n khai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 cao, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc – c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng. .. \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc – c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n sang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c quy th\u00f3c n\u0103m 1954 \u1edf v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 2,9 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u0103ng 13,7% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1946. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c quy th\u00f3c t\u1eeb 3.759 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n n\u0103m 1955 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 4.738 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n n\u0103m 1956 v\u00e0 4.293 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n n\u0103m 1957; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1960 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u0103ng 13,6%, thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n t\u0103ng 7,7%, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng 21,5%, t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1n l\u1ebb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 doanh thu d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng 9,1%, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng 13,8%. N\u0103m 1975, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i g\u1ea5p 2,3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1960, thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n g\u1ea5p 1,9 l\u1ea7n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea5p 3,4 l\u1ea7n. Kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1986 – 2010, T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong GDP t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (n\u0103m 1988 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 21,6%, n\u0103m 1995 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 41%, n\u0103m 2010 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 41,1%\u2026). T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong GDP n\u0103m 1988 l\u00e0 46,3%, n\u0103m 2003 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 21,8%, n\u0103m 2005 l\u00e0 20,5%. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong GDP gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb 38,06% n\u0103m 1986 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 18,9% n\u0103m 2010; 18,12% n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 13,1% n\u0103m 2020. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng\u00a0 khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 trong GDP \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 33,1% n\u0103m 1988 l\u00ean 38% n\u0103m 2003 v\u00e0 38,5% n\u0103m 2010.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011- 2020, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n trong GDP gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 18,9% n\u0103m 2010 xu\u1ed1ng 13,1% n\u0103m 2020; c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb 81,1% l\u00ean 86,9%, v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng cao, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch, h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0nh khai kho\u00e1ng, t\u0103ng nhanh t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao trong t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 26,9% n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean 78,3% n\u0103m 2020[9]<\/a>. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y l\u1eafp v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. Ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng nhanh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 20 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb 73% n\u0103m 1990 xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 47% n\u0103m 2014 v\u00e0 33,5% n\u0103m 2020. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p – x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 11,2% n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean 18,2% n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2014 l\u00e0 20,8%; ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 15,8% n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean 24,7% n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2014 l\u00e0 32,2%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u0103ng t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi 10% n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean 40% n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 65% n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n

3. Chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb th\u1ebf b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn, kh\u00e9p k\u00edn sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edf v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945 – 1954, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9. \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau cao thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam; tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p; h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh li\u00ean minh ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 chung; gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam; tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1954, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u01b0\u1edbc sang m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955 – 1975, quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 7 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ) trong n\u0103m 1955, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1965, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 35 n\u01b0\u1edbc (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 12 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a). T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/2000, Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 61 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb 50 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean 170 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2000. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2020, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tham gia 16 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do (FTA), c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 224 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 70 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ta; c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 500 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; 71 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft 420 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c, doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, t\u0103ng 20,3% so v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2014 – 2016[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

4<\/strong>.\u00a0Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m,\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng\u00a0n\u00e2ng cao<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1946 – 1954, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m t\u00f4, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1957 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t 303 kg. Thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh x\u00e3 vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1970 t\u0103ng 20% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c n\u0103m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, t\u1eeb 14,2% n\u0103m 2010 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 7% n\u0103m 2015 (theo chu\u1ea9n ngh\u00e8o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2015), t\u1eeb 9,2% n\u0103m 2016 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 3% n\u0103m 2020 (theo chu\u1ea9n ngh\u00e8o \u0111a chi\u1ec1u). GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1.332 USD\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 3.000 USD\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 2020[11]<\/a>. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi s\u1eafc. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 90%, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t 96%; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu ch\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 90%[12]<\/a>. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 30,5% n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 40% n\u0103m 20203<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

III- V\u0102N H\u00d3A<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. V\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa,\u00a0d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao. Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a, g\u1eafn v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u khai th\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i sinh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1t huy, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, v\u1edf di\u1ec5n, ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

2. Nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o, cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Phong tr\u00e0o “To\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a” \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chung c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t Quy ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Phong tr\u00e0o \u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong t\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3n, khu ph\u1ed1, c\u01a1 quan, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u201c\u0110\u1ec1n \u01a1n \u0111\u00e1p ngh\u0129a\u201d, \u201cU\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n\u201d, t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, th\u1ec3 thao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch cao c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945 – 1954, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng, trong \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t thanh Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t thanh Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n – Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n Nam gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u00eanh th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u00e1o ch\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao, th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u0103m 2019 c\u00f3 850 c\u01a1 quan b\u00e1o in, b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh quy ho\u1ea1ch theo \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t thanh – truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u0103m 2019 c\u00f3 72 \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh (c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng). N\u0103m 2019, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p l\u01b0u chi\u1ec3u 37.100 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi 441 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n, t\u1ed5ng doanh thu to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01a1n 2,7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed9i dung xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng, khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng… ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 01\/2020, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 68,17 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 internet.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, ph\u00e1t huy di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3; di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o, tu b\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tu, t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o; h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i; nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7u d\u00e2n ca, c\u00e1c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u1eed thi… di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n chung c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a tinh th\u1ea7n, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, mang t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, t\u00f4n vinh v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2013, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 40.000 di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 36.000 di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng di t\u00edch c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 3.000 di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng di t\u00edch c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 20 di t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 di t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2014, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 8 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, 9 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, 4 di s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 28 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO ghi danh; 301 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c gia; 191 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia; 3.498 di t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia; 122 di t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; 168 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 3 tri\u1ec7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh; quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

IV- X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1945 – 1954, nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u1ec1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, b\u1ec7nh binh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1955 – 1975, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quan h\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng \u0103n l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ba l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u0103m 1961, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i \u0111i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965 – 1975, cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cam go, \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1t huy n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v.v., g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (2016 – 2020), vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn; ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi; c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng,…\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p; \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1eadp k\u1ebft t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1; s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong xu\u1ea5t ng\u0169. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111i khai hoang, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd; \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thanh ni\u00ean (kho\u1ea3ng 20 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, li\u1ec7t s\u0129, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai mi\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quy t\u1eadp, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u0129a trang li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t. Di\u1ec7n bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb thi\u00ean tai, b\u00e3o l\u0169; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 \u1edf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, n\u00e2ng cao thu nh\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 4,5% n\u0103m 2010 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 3% n\u0103m 2020[13]<\/a>. T\u1eeb 2006 – 2011, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ean 8 tri\u1ec7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi 4,5%. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. N\u0103m 2002, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2004 l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 1,2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 40% n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean 65% n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1999, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 19.780 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn 2003 l\u00e0 72.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3,6 l\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 2004, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ta \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 67.447 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011- 2020, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an sinh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201cU\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n\u201d, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tham gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 9,2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng g\u1ea7n 1,4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; tr\u00ean 500 ngh\u00ecn th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p h\u1eb1ng th\u00e1ng[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i, gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3i, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb 30% n\u0103m 1992 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 8,3% n\u0103m 2004. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n x\u00f3a xong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3i kinh ni\u00ean. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010 – 2020, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o gi\u1ea3m nhanh, t\u1eeb 14,2% n\u0103m 2010 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 7% n\u0103m 2015 (theo chu\u1ea9n ngh\u00e8o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2015) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 9,2% n\u0103m 2016 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 3% n\u0103m 2020 (theo chu\u1ea9n ngh\u00e8o \u0111a chi\u1ec1u2<\/sup>).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>3. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (HDI) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 0,654 n\u0103m 2010 (th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng 114\/189 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5) l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 0,694 n\u0103m 2017 (th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng 116\/189 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5)\u201d3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

V- Y T\u1ebe\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong 9 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p (1945-1954), ng\u00e0nh Y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t ch\u0103m s\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ec7nh binh v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3, th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n, b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t; \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1t r\u00e9t, m\u1eaft h\u1ed9t, lao, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ng\u00e0nh Y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y t\u1ebf \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1956 – 1975,\u00a0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n r\u1ea5t s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m lo, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, n\u00e2ng cao th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb em trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh gian kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t. Sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n; t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. M\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t 73,7 tu\u1ed5i. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao; t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng; n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tham gia b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m y t\u1ebf t\u0103ng nhanh, t\u1eeb 60,9% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean 90,7% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y t\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1954, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 135 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, b\u1ec7nh x\u00e1, 790 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m b\u1ec7nh, 740 tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 300 nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9 sinh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 1.180 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, v\u1edbi 56,6 ngh\u00ecn gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh. S\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 93 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 29.600 y, b\u00e1c s\u0129. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 12,1 b\u00e1c s\u0129. Sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. N\u0103m 1985, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 11.059 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi 202,2 ngh\u00ecn gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh. S\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 187,4 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 62,3 ngh\u00ecn y, b\u00e1c s\u0129. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 1 v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 13,6 y, b\u00e1c s\u0129.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m\u201d, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00e1m, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf (x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 2003, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 13.162 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1m v\u1edbi 192,9 ngh\u00ecn gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh. S\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 y t\u1ebf l\u00e0 184,6 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 2005, g\u1ea7n 100% c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 y, b\u00e1c s\u0129.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nay, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi y t\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi y t\u1ebf ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp t\u1edbi t\u1eadn th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 1.400 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 180.000 gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh, 700 trung t\u00e2m y t\u1ebf huy\u1ec7n, qu\u1eadn, th\u1ecb x\u00e3; h\u01a1n 11.100 tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf x\u00e3, ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 60% s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf x\u00e3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010- 2020; 100% s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m \u0111a khoa khu v\u1ef1c li\u00ean x\u00e3; 87,5% s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf x\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hai, ba ng\u00e0y trong tu\u1ea7n); 96% s\u1ed1 tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf x\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1eef h\u1ed9 sinh\/y s\u0129 s\u1ea3n nhi v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 95% s\u1ed1 th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ee1 th\u00f4n, b\u1ea3n\u2026<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u y h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>\u00a0s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eafcxin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh:<\/em>\u00a0Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u y t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau n\u0103m 1945 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eafcxin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea3, b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a, th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. N\u0103m 1950, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1ng sinh peniciline. N\u0103m 1961, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eafcxin sabin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 v\u1eafcxin ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eafcxin, t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eafcxin, nh\u01b0 v\u1eafcxin c\u00fam m\u00f9a 3 type \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0: s\u1edfi, s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, tay ch\u00e2n mi\u1ec7ng, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m s\u00e1ng trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7:<\/em>\u00a0\u0110\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n s\u01a1 sinh, ho g\u00e0, b\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u\u2026 T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 c\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 30,1% n\u0103m 2000 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 14,1% n\u0103m 2015 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2016, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eb9 c\u00e2n \u1edf tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 13,8%. T\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft m\u1eb9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 58,3 tr\u00ean 100.000 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng n\u0103m 2015; t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m kh\u00e1 nhanh, xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 14,73 ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn; t\u1ef7 su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 22,12 ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn, \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c t\u1eed vong b\u00e0 m\u1eb9, tr\u1ebb em gi\u1ea3m nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 72,9 tu\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2010 l\u00ean 73,7 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, trong \u0111\u00f3 nam gi\u1edbi 71,2 tu\u1ed5i, n\u1eef gi\u1edbi 76,5 tu\u1ed5i[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/em>:\u00a0<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978, thanh to\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb u\u1ed1n v\u00e1n s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2002 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eam ch\u1ee7ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1ch h\u1ea7u, ho g\u00e0, s\u1edfi… Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0: s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, vi\u00eam n\u00e3o virus, lao, th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0n, t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf; kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch SARS, c\u00fam A\/H5N1, c\u00fam A\/H1N1; ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp nh\u01b0 c\u00fam A\/H7N9, Ebola, MERS-CoV…Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 MERS-CoV, Ebola, c\u00fam A\/H7N9 hay COVID-19, v.v… H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u, t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m; gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao:<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea7m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n giao nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u1ed9i soi, can thi\u1ec7p tim m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sinh s\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 m\u00e1u, nh\u1ed3i m\u00e1u c\u01a1 tim, b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd x\u01b0\u01a1ng – kh\u1edbp, b\u1ecfng, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh; \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 m\u00e1u. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 15 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gh\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim, th\u1eadn, gan, gh\u00e9p gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c, gh\u00e9p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u. Th\u00e1ng 10\/2019, hai ca gh\u00e9p ph\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u k\u1ef3 t\u00edch m\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gh\u00e9p \u0111a t\u1ea1ng – m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f3 c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n khoa, n\u0103m 2019, B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt can thi\u1ec7p b\u00e0o thai – l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao nh\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t trong y h\u1ecdc b\u00e0o thai hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

VI- GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C v\u00e0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Quy m\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u00a0ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngay sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n phong tr\u00e0o b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1964, s\u1ed1 tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i, phong tr\u00e0o b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. So v\u1edbi n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1955 -1956, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1975 – 1976 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng t\u0103ng 2,6 l\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u0103ng 7,4 l\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng 29,1 l\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng 19,5 l\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u0103ng 50,9 l\u1ea7n. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, sau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Nh\u00e0 tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 nhanh. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1986, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhanh quy m\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. N\u0103m 2000, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2004, 20 t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nay, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non t\u0103ng nhanh, t\u1eeb 13.172 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean 15.384 tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea7m non v\u00e0 6.518 nh\u00f3m tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 28.803 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 27.086 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ec9nh\/th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2019 – 2020, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3\u00a0 237 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n\u00a0 (bao g\u1ed3m 172 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp, 60 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u1eadp, 5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 100% v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i), 37 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, 33 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u0111\u1eb3ng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung c\u1ea5p s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m. Quy m\u00f4 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2011 – 2020 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 2,4%.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u trong 10 n\u0103m qua. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea7m non \u0111\u1ea1t 96,6%, ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1t 99,7%, trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf 99,0%, trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 99,6%, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 82,7%; 100% c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. S\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2019 – 2020, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 59,7%; c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 56,7%; c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 37,04%. Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 20%, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 5% GDP. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khu v\u1ef1c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi ti\u00eau c\u00f4ng cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u00ean GDP c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa, b\u00e1n tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con em \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, t\u1eeb 299 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng l\u00ean 316 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf 49 t\u1ec9nh\/th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a 109.445 h\u1ecdc sinh n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa; 28 t\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u00e1n tr\u00fa v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 1.097 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 185.671 h\u1ecdc sinh b\u00e1n tr\u00fa. Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a 8 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc; trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Hoa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Khmer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p – gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. 100% c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh, 84,7% huy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 97,83% x\u00e3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a trung t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng H\u1ed9i khuy\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 17 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan t\u00e2m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 8 tri\u1ec7u gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cGia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d, g\u1ea7n 40 ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cD\u00f2ng h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d, h\u01a1n 62 ngh\u00ecn \u201cC\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d c\u1ea5p th\u00f4n b\u1ea3n, t\u1ed5 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 27,5 ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5p x\u00e3, do c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1t danh hi\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i \u01b0u ti\u00ean ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0: th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n, gi\u1ea3m h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi ph\u00ed cho h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u00e8o; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con em \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt… C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ed9 c\u1eadn ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay v\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

3. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb m\u1ea7m non:\u00a0<\/em>N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 – 2014, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 18 t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non cho tr\u1ebb em 5 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 63 t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non cho tr\u1ebb em 5 tu\u1ed5i. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea7m non \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 tin, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c; tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 5 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 suy dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 tu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng:<\/em>\u00a0Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi Olympic qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1p \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 5 n\u0103m qua t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi 5 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 – 2019, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 187 l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00ed sinh tham d\u1ef1 thi Olympic khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1t 146 gi\u1ea3i (45 Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e0ng, 60 Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1ea1c, 35 Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 6 B\u1eb1ng khen).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/em>: S\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u0103m 2019, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 68\/196 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u0103ng 12 b\u1eadc so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2018. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o top 1.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; c\u00f3 8 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch 500 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc 10 n\u0103m qua c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l<\/strong>\u00fd\u00a0gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. N\u0103m 1950, trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u00f2n mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1956, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i. N\u0103m 1981, cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 29-NQ\/TW ng\u00e0y 04\/11\/2013 c\u1ee7a Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng (kh\u00f3a XI)[17]<\/a>, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 4.0.<\/p>\n

5. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0<\/strong>\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2\u0309y ma\u0323nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2004 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u0103ng cai v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 thi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Olympic V\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (n\u0103m 2004), Olympic To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (n\u0103m 2007), Olympic V\u1eadt l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (n\u0103m 2008), Olympic H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (n\u0103m 2014). N\u0103m 2016, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c thi Olympic Sinh h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 27 – IBO 2016. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 455 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n FDI thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o; c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 1.400 su\u1ea5t\/n\u0103m cho l\u01b0u h\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

VII- QU\u1ed0C PH\u00d2NG – AN NINH<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; gi\u1eef v\u1eefng an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng –\u00a0an ninh. 75 n\u0103m qua, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an ninh cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc; l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, uy t\u00edn Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 an ninh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn an ninh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh trong t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, quy ho\u1ea1ch, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf mang t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng – an ninh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00f4ng an \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tham m\u01b0u v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 an ninh, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn an ninh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u201cth\u1ebf tr\u1eadn l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\u201d th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, nh\u1eb1m k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi\u201d; \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d; \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d; \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng\u201d; \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an ninh qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d; \u201cChi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ban h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh: Lu\u1eadt An ninh qu\u1ed1c gia, Lu\u1eadt S\u0129 quan Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Lu\u1eadt Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, Lu\u1eadt D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 an ninh, Lu\u1eadt Ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, Lu\u1eadt Qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, Lu\u1eadt C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Lu\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh, xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Lu\u1eadt T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 quan \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. Lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, Lu\u1eadt C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1eb1m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt – c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

4. Ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0<\/strong>Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n,\u00a0C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u00a0c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng,\u00a0ch\u00ednh quy, tinh nhu\u1ec7, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Nam K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc \u2026 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng an \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 t\u00edch trong T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c (1945 – 1975) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00ednh quy, tinh nhu\u1ec7, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c – L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung ki\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ctr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\u201d, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a – d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n; t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u201c\u0110\u1ec1n \u01a1n \u0111\u00e1p ngh\u0129a\u201d, x\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o, x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vai tr\u00f2 tham m\u01b0u, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch; \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1; tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n, ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c thi\u00ean tai.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu, r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp. To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n 24.400 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tham m\u01b0u cho c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng an vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n

5. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 k\u00eanh quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3ng, ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00f2ng tin chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng theo c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 80 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf; c\u00f3 50 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00f9y vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 28 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa v\u00e0 22 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed 37 l\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u0129 quan v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 2 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p 2 (m\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m 64 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n) sang tham gia Ph\u00e1i b\u1ed9 G\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Trung Phi v\u00e0 Nam Xu\u0111\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

VIII- \u0110\u1ed0I NGO\u1ea0I V\u00c0 H\u1ed8I NH\u1eacP QU\u1ed0C T\u1ebe<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ngay sau khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 cao ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai g\u1ed3m ba k\u00eanh: \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3ng, ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; c\u00f9ng b\u1ed5 sung, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau, l\u00e0m cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa, linh ho\u1ea1t, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i chung, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u201c\u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a, \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d[18]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i IX \u0111\u1ec1 ra ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d[19]<\/a>. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c (n\u0103m 1991), v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 (n\u0103m 1995).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 7 n\u01b0\u1edbc G7 v\u00e0 17\/20 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean G20. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trong 5 n\u0103m (2016 – 2020), Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi 3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u00ean 30 n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean (91 c\u01a1 quan) v\u1edbi 65 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n, 20 t\u1ed5ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n, 4 ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, 1 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean k\u00eanh Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 k\u00eanh \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p cao v\u1eeba mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, v\u1eeba gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f9ng ASEAN v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 COC, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda V\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng d\u00e0y, t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed1c gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi L\u00e0o; \u0111ang tri\u1ec3n khai vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Quy ch\u1ebf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t – L\u00e0o. V\u1edbi Campuchia, hai n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 84% vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1edbi c\u1eafm m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (ASEAN) n\u0103m 1995, tham gia Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u00c1 – \u00c2u (ASEM) n\u0103m 1996, Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (APEC) n\u0103m 1998, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (WTO) n\u0103m 2007. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Qu\u1ef9 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u \u2026<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ASEAN, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ASEAN v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 (C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ASEAN) v\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ASEAN; tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2014 – 2016, \u1ee6y ban Kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2016 – 2018, \u1ee6y ban Di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNESCO nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2013 – 2017, L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (PKO), \u1ee6y vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng coi tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00e1c Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do (FTA), h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

V\u1ecb th\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf – x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Hi\u1ec7n nay, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, thu h\u00fat ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng cao. Ri\u00eang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2016 – 2020, d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n FDI t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn 20\/02\/2020 c\u00f3 31.434 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 126 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd l\u00e0 370 t\u1ec9 USD. Kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u0103n h\u00f3a, du l\u1ecbch, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng – an ninh, khoa h\u1ecdc – c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

75 n\u0103m qua, t\u1eeb khi C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi N\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua bao kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gian kh\u1ed5 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 75 n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: “\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay”[20]<\/a>\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c; ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, 100 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

BAN TUY\u00caN GI\u00c1O TRUNG \u01af\u01a0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp,\u00a0<\/em>Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2000, t.7, tr.424.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d,\u00a0<\/em>t.8, tr.160.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a>, 2, 3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d,\u00a0<\/em>t.54, tr.147.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.84, 85.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.84.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a>\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III, t\u1eadp 1, trang 65<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.90.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a>. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eedi k\u00e8m CV s\u1ed1 2205\/BNG-CS\u0110N ng\u00e0y 1\/7\/2020 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.84.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a>, 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.103, 98.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.100.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/a>, 2, 3. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.100, 100, 102.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a>.\u00a0[15]. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.102.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng),\u00a0<\/em>th\u00e1ng 4\/2020, tr.102.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/a>. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 29-NQ\/TW ng\u00e0y 04\/11\/2013 c\u1ee7a Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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[18]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d,\u00a0<\/em>t.51, tr.49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam:\u00a0V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d,\u00a0<\/em>t.60, tr.146.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/a>. Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fa Tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 90 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (3\/2\/1930 – 3\/2\/2020).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ban h\u00e0nh T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt 75 n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2\/9\/1945 – 2\/9\/2020). Ban Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u to\u00e0n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Tranh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 75 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11503","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-khong-phan-loai"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11503\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mattranhaiphong.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}